Procedural Retrenchment and the States

Compensation or Retrenchment? The Paradox of Immigration and Public Welfare Spending in the American States

By employing American state-level data from 1999 to 2008, this paper explores how the recent immigrant influx has influenced public welfare spending in the American states. By integrating the race/ethnicity and globalization compensation theory, I hypothesize that immigration will increase welfare spending in states with a bleak job market and exclusive state immigrant welfare policy; in contra...

Retrenchment and System Properties

Retrenchment, introduced to alleviate the excessively strong demands that refinement sometimes imposes, is most easily applied 'vertically', i.e. to individual execution steps, without regard to the sequential composition of those steps. This paper addresses the issue of how system properties, akin to sets of execution sequences, can be transformed between systems through retrenchment. Property...

Retrenchment and the Mondex Electronic Purse

Some of the success stories of model based refinement are recalled, as well as some of the annoyances that arise when refinement is deployed in the engineering of large systems. The way that retrenchment attempts to alleviate such inconveniences is reviewed. The Mondex Electronic Purse formal development provides a highly credible testbed for examining how real world refinement difficulties can...

Retrenchment and renement interworking: the tower theorems

Fragmented Retrenchment, Concurrency and Fairness

Retrenchment is presented in a simple relational framework as a more flexible development concept than refinement for capturing the early preformal stages of development, and briefly justified. Fragmented retrenchment permits the granularity of actions to decrease across a development step, many concrete steps retrenching a single abstract one. This generates the usual proliferation of inter-le...